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Paul Eugène Henri Gauguin, (1848-1903),
French Post-Impressionist painter, known
for his use of lush colour and flat, two-dimensional forms, particularly in
scenes from life in Brittany and the South Sea Islands.
Gauguin was born in Paris on June
7, 1848, into a liberal middle-class family. After an adventurous early life,
including a four-year stay in Peru with his family and a stint in the French
merchant marine, he became a successful Parisian stockbroker, settling into
a comfortable bourgeois existence with his wife and five children. In 1874,
after meeting the artist Camille Pissarro and viewing the first Impressionist
exhibition, he became a collector and amateur painter. He exhibited with the
Impressionists in 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, and 1886. In 1883 he gave up his secure
existence to devote himself to painting; his wife and children, without adequate
subsistence, were forced to return to her family. From 1886 to 1891 Gauguin
lived mainly in rural Brittany (except for a trip to Panama and Martinique from
1887 to 1888), where he was the centre of a small group of experimental painters
known as the School of Pont-Aven. Under the influence of the painter Émile Bernard,
Gauguin turned away from Impressionism and adopted a less naturalistic style,
which he called Synthetism. He found his inspiration in the art of indigenous
peoples, in medieval stained glass, and in Japanese prints; he was introduced
to Japanese prints by Vincent van Gogh
when they spent two months together in Arles, in the South of France, in 1888.
Gauguin's new style was characterized by the use of large flat areas of non-naturalistic
colour, as in The Yellow Christ (1889, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo,
New York State).
In 1891, ruined and in debt, Gauguin
sailed for the South Seas to escape European civilization and "everything
that is artificial and conventional". Except for one visit to France from
1893 to 1895, he remained in the Tropics for the rest of his life, first in
Tahiti and later in the Marquesas Islands. The essential characteristics of
his style changed little in the South Seas; he retained the qualities of expressive
colour, denial of perspective, and thick, flat forms. Under the influence of
the tropical setting and culture of Polynesia, however, Gauguin's paintings
became more powerful, while his subject-matter became more distinctive, the
scale of his paintings larger, and his compositions more simplified. His subjects
ranged from scenes of ordinary life, such as Tahitian Women, or On
the Beach (1891, Musée d'Orsay, Paris), to brooding scenes of superstitious
dread, such as Spirit of the Dead Watching (1892, Albright-Knox Art Gallery).
His masterpiece was the monumental allegory Where Do We Come
 From? What Are
We? Where Are We Going? (1897, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), which he painted
shortly before his failed suicide attempt. A modest stipend from a Parisian
art dealer sustained him until his death at Atuana Hiva-Oa, in the Marquesas
Islands, on May 8, 1903.
Gauguin's bold experiments in coloring
led directly to Fauvism. His strong modeling influenced the Norwegian artist
Edvard Munch and the later Expressionist school.
Vision After the Sermon,
1888
oil on canvas 73x92cm
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
"Gauguin, (Eugène Henri) Paul," Microsoft® Encarta®
Online Encyclopedia 2000
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2000 Microsoft
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Gauguin Tahiti
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Noa Noa : The Tahitian Journal (Fine Art Series)
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| 3. |
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Van Gogh and Friends Art Game: With Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat,
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Gauguin's Intimate Journals
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Paul Gauguin 1848-1903: The Primitive Sophisticate (Basic
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Van Gogh and Friends: With Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat,
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Gauguin
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Gauguin's Skirt
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Gauguin by Himself (Artist by Himself)
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PAUL GAUGUIN
by David Sweetman
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The Writings of a Savage
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Paul Gauguin: An Erotic Life
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Six Gauguin Paintings Cards (Small-Format Card Books)
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Masters of Art: Gauguin (Masters of Art (Hardcover))
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Discoveries: Gauguin (Discoveries)
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Noa Noa: The Tahiti Journal of Paul Gauguin
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Gauguin (World of Art)
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Gauguin In Tahiti 2004 Wall Calendar
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Gauguin (Artistas Serie Mayor)
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Gauguin: Life, Art, Inspiration
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