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The Night
Watch, 1642, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
'REMBRANDT'S WOMEN' at the Royal Academy.
'Rembrandt's Women' at the Royal Academy. Throughout his
life Rembrandt painted and drew women. From grand portraits
to informal sketches, from erotic prints to Biblical
heroines, no artist has ever portrayed womankind with such
honesty, sympathy or passion.
Rembrandt
Chronology
By Professor S. Koslow
1589,
Rembrandt's parents marry in the reformed Pieterskerk in
Leiden.
Father: Gerritsz van Rijn [the river Rijn]. He was the
only member of his family who converted from Catholicism
to Protestantism (+1630).
Mother: Neeltgen Willemsdr. van Zuytbrouck, daughter of
a baker (+1640)
10 children , two died in infancy. Rembrandt was the 8th
child. In 1640, 4 children were still living: a
shoemaker, a baker, Rembrandt, and a daughter |
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1606, July
15, Rembrandt born |
1620, May
16, enrolls in the University (2 months before his 14th
birthday). Already attending Latin school
The school trained their students in grammar and
rhetoric. Lessons were based on classical literature.
Rembrandt received a thorough grounding in classical and
biblical stories. In 1625 the States of Holland
standardized the curriculum. Possibly, there were
political reasons for not pursuing an academic career;
there are other reasons as well, such as obtaining
student privileges, freedom from civic guard duties and
a specified allowance of tax-free wine and beer. |
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1619-1622
(13-16 years) apprenticed to Jacob Isaacszoon van
Swanenburgh (1571-1638). A Catholic and his father
was burgomaster 5 times and held other major town
offices. The rest of the family was Remonstrant. They
were removed from civil office by prince Maurits in
1618. Swanenburgh had been in Italy from about |
1600-1617,
painting in Venice, Rome and Naples. He married a
Neapolitan woman. A few fantasies have been preserved
but none of his portraits and cityscapes. There are no
discernible traces of his influences in R's oeuvre. That
R. studied with Swanenburgh is known from a biography
written by the Leiden burgomaster in the 2nd ed of his
description of Leiden.
R. studied with him for about 3 years. |
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1624-25, R.
spends 6 months with Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam.
According to Houbraken, Rembrandt also studied with Jan
Pynas. History, rhetorical gestures, historical
veracity, textual accuracy. |
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1625-1631,
Rembrandt sets up as an independent painter in Leiden,
living at home with his parents. |
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1628, the
humanist Arnout van Buchell mentioned R in his notebook |
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1629,
Huygens describes R. |
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1628-1631,
G. Dou and Isaac Jouderville work with Rembrandt as his
pupils |
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1631,
commutes to Amsterdam, stays at house of Hendrick
Uylenburgh, and uses studio space there for portraits.
(Rembrandt lends him 1000 guilders) |
1634, he
marries Saskia Uylenburgh (1612-1642) in Friesland. She
is the cousin of Rembrandt's landlord and the daughter
of the late burgomaster of Leeuwarden. They live in the
house of H. Uylenburgh
R becomes an Amsterdam citizen and joins the local St
Luke's guild |
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1635, moves
into his own quarters, moves again in 1637, and again |
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1639, moves
into the "Rembrandt house" in the Anthonisbreestraat |
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1642, Saskia
dies; Rembrandt employs Geertje Dircks as nanny for son
Titus, born 1641. (4 children, 3 died) Rembrandt begins
relationship with Geertje Dircks, the trumpeter's widow. |
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1647,
Hendrickje Stoffels joins household as maidservant |
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1649, R and
Dircks have problems, breach of promise, R ordered to
pay maintenance allowance of 200 guilders |
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1650
Rembrandt has Dircks detained in the Gouda house of
correction |
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1654, birth
of illegitimate daughter, Cornelia [with H. Stoffels] |
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1656, he
transfers his house to his son Titus in order to save
his inheritance. The liquidaton of R's property.
Inventory of goods taken. R couldn't remarry because he
risked losing income from Saskia's estate. (Reason given
was "losses in business as well as damage and losses at
sea." Explained variously. 1) he invested in cargo that
was lost at sea, 2) his pictures were lost at sea. |
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1658, leaves
St. Anthonisbreestraat, moves to the Rozengracht area.
Many other artists living in that area |
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1660,
Stoffels and son Titus set up a business partnership for
dealing in pictures and works of art and they make R
their employee |
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1663, H.
dies |
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1665, Titus
comes of age |
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1667, Cosimo
de Medici visits Rembrandt |
1668, Titus
marries Magdalena van Loo, daughter of a silversmith,
but Titus dies soon after, buried in the Westerkerk
Rembrandt is living with Cornelia, Hendrickje's daughter |
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1669, March
22, Rembrandt's granddaughter is baptized. October 4,
dies and is buried in the Westerkerk in an unknown
rented grave |
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2. |
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Rembrandt : The Painter at Work
from Amsterdam University Press
Price: $89.75
Customer Review:
OK, so I read it all. Yep, everything in it,
every inch of it. This includes in-depth
discussions on materials, choices of colors,
choices of canvases, panels, brushworks,
techniques, history... of this genius painter. I
also gobbled up scientific results on samples
taken from his paintings, using...
more info |
Customer Rating:
5.0 / 5.0
Click here for more information
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3. |
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Rembrandt's Eyes
from Knopf
Price: $23.10
Customer Review:
I think most of the reviews below cover the
bases pretty well, the only criticism I can
think of is the book might have been better off
printed in the full "coffee table art book" size
so the reproductions cited in the text would
have been larger...but what a fabulous work it
is, an utterly...
more info |
Customer Rating:
4.5 / 5.0
Click here for more information
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