It is
interesting to note how preceding artistic styles
inspire and made way for one another and how these, in
turn lead to Impressionism. While the movements cannot
be confined to an exact chronological timetable, they
do give some clues as to the artistic background in
which Impressionism began.
This movement was widely found throughout
Europe in the post-renaissance period and is largely
considered one of the most influential forerunner of
Impressionism. Since the eighteenth century, English
artists had demonstrated an zeal towards painting the
landscape. Particular condition that were constantly
changing nature of the landscape made way for a more
impressionistic approach to the painting.
J.M.W.Turner's Rain, Steam & Speed - The Great Western
Railway of 1844 provides a good idea of how this
English division undoubtedly affected ensuing French
artists.
In 1855, Paris
World Fair, a sequel to the London's Crystal Palace
four years previously. A distinguishing feature of
this second fair was its focus on art. This served, in
some large part, to highlight Paris as the centre of
the art world. If new innovative ideas were to be
expressed, this was the place for painters to come.
Among those attracted by the World Fair in Paris were
the group of young painters, soon to be earmark the
Impressionists.
The Académie
Suisse, founded and run by the painter Charles Suisse,
provided a cheap and productive venue in which
aspiring painters could exchange new and progressive
ideas. It was here that Pissarro, Monet, Guillaumin
and Cézanne first came to know each other. Despite the
obvious advantages of free models, which were
provided, the Académie Suisse was appealing for a
number of reasons. The most important of which was
that it provided a place to air new and controversial
attitudes in painting. Those that would otherwise
never have been exposed in an art world community,
which was committed to a traditional style and open
only to the most, limited
modifications.
This community
was represented and controlled by three bodies; the
Salon, the Académie and the École des Beaux Arts.
Typically, all had their set ways and codes. Only
certain candidates qualified for positions in
particular offices, etc. The art world of Paris at the
time is fairly described as being an incestuous
society in which similarly educated officials came
together and regulated what would otherwise have been
a far more diverse collection of "accepted" art. The
Salon had become an annual exhibition at which members
of the Académie, often professors at the École, judged
entries. It was the inflexible nature of these judges
that prompted the new style of painters to exhibit
their works in the studio of the Nadar the Paris based
photographer. This exhibition held in 1874, included
Monet's famous Impression: Sunrise, which is generally
thought to have prompted the naming of the entire
technique of lose painting, impressionism was born and
here to stay